Yes — you can contribute to multiple retirement accounts at once, and combining them is a powerful tax strategy. For example, you can max out a 401(k) ($23,000 in 2024, or $30,500 if age 50+) and also contribute to a traditional or Roth IRA ($7,000 in 2024, or $8,000 if 50+). Self-employed individuals can contribute to both a Solo 401(k) and a SEP-IRA, but the contribution limits are coordinated — you can't exceed the overall IRS limit by stacking both. Health Savings Accounts (HSAs) and 529 plans are separate from retirement accounts and have their own limits. Maxing out tax-advantaged accounts is one of the most reliable long-term tax reduction strategies.